Understanding that when a simple wave, such as a photon moves through the field, macroscopically it follows a rectilinear path, but microscopically, a zig-zagged path.  And every time this wave initiates interchange with the next surface it encounters, all motion is orthogonal to a surface at the precise location of that motion.

What's most important is the displacement this photon causes from surface to surface.  One thing for sure, it's very hard for any wave, given even odds at each encounter, to not experience interchange beyond ten encounters.  Eventually it will happen, on the average every other surface.  When this does occur, the surface coming with this wave will travel no more than 1/2 the distance between surfaces, leaving it  0.5 h forward of its original position at its last encounter, and the stationary surface encountered and otherwise undergone interchange to its exhaustion, will find itself fallen back 0.5 h.  The new surface, though starting behind by 1/2 h. will travel this distance and on the average 1/2 h to its next encounter, leaving it behind by 1/2 h, resulting in a total advance overall of 1/2 h.

Thus, imagine a tube one centimeter in length, whereupon a beam of light traveling down its length, would encounter something of the order of 10³⁵ surfaces, which, each photon in its passing will be able to move 1/2 h, providing photon and surface undergo interchange.  Since there is a fifty-fifty chance of interchange occurring, this would be half of the time.  In general, the passage of a single photon, will on average, move all surfaces

1/2 h.  A photon looses no energy in this regard, and if it could be recirculated again and again down this tube without any other loses, such as loses due to reflection, it would take about 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 years for this continuous transit of one photon to move all surfaces the tube's length!

By increasing the beam power, viz., the number of photons per second traveling through the tube, the field surfaces can be displaced more quickly.  Initial estimates of required power comes to more than 13,000 watts of pure light energy, which if given consideration as to its efficiency of generation, such as xenon projection lamps, and cooling requirements, places this figure substantially higher by probably no less than 20%, or about 16,000 watts.  There is also the replacement  cost and maintenance of  these light sources, and since the frequency of the light, or its coherency, are not thought to be significant, solar radiation could be uutilized at less expense.

Given a collection of solar mirrors measuring fifteen feet high and fifteen feet across, which is equivalent to 20.9 square meters.  Given that solar radiation at the earth's mean distance from the sun in space is 1.35 kW/m², these mirrors would capture roughly 28,000 watts.  Of course, this would only be attainable in space, whereas at the earth's surface, a substantial amount will be absorbed and reflected by the earth's atmosphere.  A good rule of thumb, given a high altitude site located at the clearest location, only 80% of this light will make it through, or roughly 22,000 watts.  This is at high noon.  Early in the day and late in the day, even less solar energy will be captured.  This can be compensated by having larger collection of mirrors.

There is a relationship between power in watts and photons per second, which comes to 1.5 x 10¹⁸ photons per watt;  22,000 watts thus providing  3.3 x 10²² photons per second.  If, by using a system of mirrors surrounding the chamber, this could be amplified by about twelve times,  a beam of about 4 x 10²³ can be achieved.

Directing this beam along a straight tube as before, would serve no purpose, but if the tube were round, such as a toroid, and the beam of photons following the tube, the field surfaces would undergo displacement, essentially causing them to be spiraled, and thus slightly offset from the norm.

What happens, in reference to gravitation is that the direction of the magnitude of this force is directly dependent upon the collective impulses and their magnitudes cause by this minute process of interchange, and resultant IDDI (induced displacement due to interchange), causing the lateral displacement of surfaces far from their place of origin, unattenuated and instantaneously.  Since all motion is meaningless tangentially speaking, only orthogonal motion to the surface at that point has any meaning, which is true and inclusive of the originating impulse, as well as subsequent impulses which might be passing through this man-made, altered field.  What might happen?

For one, at the central core of this toroidal-shaped tube, the surfaces will be slightly rotated, such that the gravitational vectors associated with each surface passing through the core is as well rotated.  Now the force of gravity associated with any mass object is the mean of all impulses, many of which are not directed perfectly downward, and very few if any directed upwards, this mean impulse (the weight of the mass in point) is slightly rotated as well.  It should be noted that this mean impulse, before the field is rotated, is directly along or nearly along the vertical.  After rotation, it becomes offset from vertical;  acquiring a small horizontal component, and a vertical component of less magnitude.  This means that object, in respect to only its vertical "weight" component is less than before.

If this apparatus is bombarded for about two years (6.3 x 10⁷ seconds), in this period of time the field around its central core will have been subjected to a bombardment of about 2.5 x 10³¹ photons.    This will cause each field surface to move 5 x 10^-4 centimeters.

If the surfaces become twisted 90 degrees from their original orientation, the vector of weight of any mass suspended at the central core will be directed horizontally;  the "weight" of the mass will become zero.  This is the downward gravitational component force.

Given a chamber of one centimeter circumference, in order to rotate the field 90 degrees, the surfaces must move one quarter the distance around the circumference, or .25 centimeters.  Thus a field whose surfaces have been displaced 5 x 10^-4 centimeters will cause a rotation 0.18 degrees.

Now the cosine of 0.18 degrees comes to .999995;  meaning that the new perceived weight (W') is .999995W.  This is a weight loss of .000005, about two parts in one million, which is barely detectable using the most sensitive scales capable of measuring gram masses.

In essence then, in theory, by pushing the field in this way, using ordinary light, albeit very powerful, in two years, one should be able to detect a weight decrease of any object placed within the perimeter of this imaginary zone contained within the circulation of this light.

Assuming all is well and good, a simple rule to remember is that the time it takes to charge this chamber sufficiently such that the field is twisted sufficiently enough in order to detect two parts in one million (2:1,000,000) weight reduction, increases proportionately to the chamber size and inversely to the total beam flux circulating around the chamber, the latter being limited not so much by available power used for the entrance beam, but by the limitations of cooling and optics or other means utilized in the beam management.

For example, a one meter diameter chamber would require 600 years to reach a stage of barely perceptible inversion, and 600,000 years to achieve full 100% inversion (180 degrees), such that any mass object placed inside would fall upwards with a force magnitude equivalent to its original weight!  No wonder space travelers (those little green Martians in their UFOs) don't like to make emergency crash landings and get stranded on some far away planet.  Even with their full knowledge of how this all works, it might take them a long time to get things going again.  (Just a thought.)

The object is to gather 4 x 10²³ photons per second flux, (full white light inclusive of IR (we need them photons too!) through UV if possible) and train this beam three times across and back on one vertical plane and another set of similar beams aligned to another vertical plane and orthogonal to the first (Figure 7), with the remainder of the beam slightly attenuated by a system of  normal lenses (24) (whose FL is more than three times useful diameter) and mirrors (24),  probably not more than 10%.

This remaining effluent or residual beam (called the "exit beam" in the upper left-hand corner of Figure 7) cab be collected, converted and stored as useful energy, in order to maintain the beam flux continuously and continuously at night, and as otherwise needed to maintain the integrity of this experiment, or used to operate additional chambers at slightly reduced power to the first.  There are no instruction nor cautions (read closing summary) in regard to this high-energy procedure and apparatus.  Hopefully soon, when I complete these changes, I will provide you with important information in this regard, and also hopefully a list of suppliers.  Thank you for your patience.

The original, primary or entrance beam, is not divided into separate beams, but maintains a zig-zagged passage surrounding the chamber such that its passage into the chamber comes just slightly to one side of an imaginary center (there is actually nothing there but the field which we are going to attempt to deform (or arrange as the case may be) and it is not necessary to evacuate this region from air--since air will help in convection cooling of the optical system) and then back from the opposite direction and on the other side of this.  This displacement, how far the beam passes to one side of this imaginary center, determines the size of the chamber.  The distance of both beams must be symmetrical to center.  It will also be necessary to focus each beam as it passes this center, in order to achieve a suitably small chamber for the experiment to work.  This will be done for three sets of over and back passes on each of the two orthogonal and vertical planes; and thus the emergence of the residual beam which we can convert to nocturnal power, perhaps, slightly reduced in power.

Perhaps mentioned before, the smaller the chamber the faster the field can be altered.  A very large chamber could to thousands of years!  The best-guess choice for chamber size, would be a convenient unit centimeter circumference.  Actual useful volume would be about the size of a green pea.  Essentially then, each of the twelve beams will be trained just outside the edge of this imaginary pea.

The lens system, however, where each interior beam carries the full flux of the primary beam, needs to be as large as possible, so that the lens are not unduly affected by the intense IR beam heating.

Ordinary plastic type material Fresnel lenses can go as high as 170-180 degrees Fahrenheit, but in general their focal lengths will be too short.  I will be looking into suppliers, and for now can expect continuous duty maximum temperatures for mirrors and lenses to be no higher than 200 degrees, inclusive of both.     This beam of 3.3 x 10²² photons per second is equivalent to 22,000 watts.  If the lenses and mirrors behaved just like perfect black bodies, radiating as fast as they absorb, the Law of Stefan-Boltsmann predicts their material temperature to vary proportional to the fourth power, in order to maintain this continuous flux passing through without being damaged.  This means that the nominal size of each mirror and lens will be about four to five square meters.  Depending upon the type of materials found, these figures will be more exactly determined.  It is also possible to construct liquid lenses (whose interiors consist of a liquid coolant of suitable refractive index) which is rapidly pumped through each lens and then cooled by means of radiators.

The required beam power is a function of the chamber size and the anticipated generation time essential to a fully inverted field.  The generation time is the time it takes to move surfaces 1/2 the distance around the chambers circumference.  Given a chamber of one centimeter circumference, this would be a distance of 0.5 centimeters.  Now on the average, as photons move around this circumference, interchange will occur on the average with each and every  other surface, and thus displacing them forward one-half the density from one surface to the next, which is notably, the average path density of the field.  The path density is 1/3 the field density. presently estimated at 4.95 x 10³⁵ surfaces in each and every cubic centimeter of space.  This is also known as the space-gauge of P.A.M. Dirac.  The path density is then 1.65 x 10³⁵ surfaces per centimeter of linear path, which comes to comes to 1/2 this, or about  8.25 x 10³⁴ surfaces encountered.  The average distance between surfaces is therefore the inversion of this, or about .12 x 10^-34 centimeters.

It would be nice that the success of the first chamber was measured by 100% inversion of all field surface by 180 degrees, but under these difficult technological constraints and theoretical limitations, this will be difficult to achieve.  In lieu of this, it would be nice to know if the chamber was even working; which, though compromising our original expectations, remains still an exciting option.

Given that the most rudimentary and expedient chamber design will only achieve a maximum inversion of between 30% and 50% of its surfaces, hence a mass suspended inside this chamber will weigh less than normal, but not float.  With the extremely precise electronic scales now available, some able to easily detect 1/100,000 precision, one should be able to detect weight changes well before full 180 degree inversion by a factor commensurate to the precision in weighing this mass.  In other words, instead of waiting two years to fully invert the field inside the chamber, the initial effects of inversion could be detected in 1/100,000 this time, about ten hours!   If one is willing to wait the two years, just to detect these initial effects, by reducing beam power, a reduction of beam power by 1/100,000 will do the job.

Also, by reducing the chamber's circumference by one-half, the rate of inversion is doubled, making a two year wait a one year wait.  Already though, a one centimeter circumference chamber is quite small, so this is not recommended.

 We must also select chamber size taking into account heating and the time it takes to generate substantial field inversion.  In respect to this latter option, we must decide if the chamber will be made small in order to achieve more rapid results without practical uses (essentially a test design).  In this consideration, do we want a three-dimensionally designed chamber inverting 100% of the field around its vertical axis, or will we settle on a 30% field.  A 30% field will never produce levitation but can be used to generate useful energy.  Let's briefly discuss them, before settling on the best.

Remember the field we alter and reshape, by the configuration of material things directing the passage of photons, is not directly tied to these material things, such as the photon beam, mirrors and lenses.  If we were to suddenly make the apparatus disappear, the field would still retain its altered condition for some period of time.  Now let's say that this occurs just as the chamber strikes a position at the earth's surface, where the earth's surface is coplanar to the plane of the resultant vector of motion between the earth's orbital passage around the sun and the sun's galactic motion.  Essentially, what we have is a chamber (before being made to vanish) and its corresponding field array, moving together at a constant velocity at about 250 km per second and directed nearly tangentially to the center of our galaxy.  Just for the record, given a field density in the neighborhood of 10³⁵ surfaces per cubic centimeter, in one second over 10⁴³ surface will stream through the chamber and array as they race across the galaxy!  Other than the prospect of a general erosion of the array as its surfaces are replaced every second by other field surfaces, which do not share its shape, both chamber and array continue to travel together in coincidence.  (Newton's First Principle?)  Ah!  But what about the earth's rotation.  Will not the chamber change course, being accelerated away from this constant velocity by the spinning earth, and the array not?  Sorry, currently I have no answer for this, but will keep you informed.  If it is a problem, then I'm afraid this experiment will have to be performed at the earth's poles.  If this is the case, solar energy might not be strong enough, seriously limiting the possibilities of this experiment.

This is a preliminary manuscript to get you started.  This is a serious experiment of epic magnitude, far exceeding individual potential--which, in reference to fusion stellerators or particle accelerators is on par in terms of time and expense.

Hopefully, many of you will understand this, and provide insight and solutions, particularly in reference to the earth's rotation affecting the outcome.

On a personal note, I would very much like to see the success and fruition of this experiment, simply because I would like to go flying around by quietly hovering above the ground.  So someone hurry up and make this work.

The notion of a chamber implies a physical vessel of some sort, which is inaccurate.  Actually, all that is being done is the warping (so-to-speak) of the field.  I prefer to call it, massaging the field into an artificial configuration.  This I think enhances our perspective of the matter;  introducing the notion that, just as natural field configurations (elementary particles) and especially huge bodies of the same (our sun and stars) readily persist as they stream through the field or sit in relative null rest, as the field passes through them, so might artificial configurations.

In this regard, there is my preliminary inkling that by maintaining a small residual embrace of luminance strategically around the chamber, this stability might be achieved.  There is another implication (or hope) that once singular field inversion is achieved, rather than repeating this time consuming process, the field inversion might be translated yet to another part of the field; essentially the creation of other subsequent chambers.  In this sense, the first chamber serves the same as a breeder reactor in atomic physics.

One last note, we as men have evolved through predatory and warlike behavior, which would be undoubtedly well recognized by those space travelers thought to visit us, and yet who seem never to remain or make themselves readily visible (except to the Air Force..joke).  The conflict is that they are peaceful explorers on a friendly mission in most likely unarmed (in a military sense) and fragile spaceships, yet perceived by us to be of possible threat.  If we could change our view of them, as well as our warlike and distrustful nature, might they then consider making themselves known and help us out a bit in dealing with gravity-inversion?  It might save all of us a great deal of time.

Doubt that little green Martians exist?  I wonder what those greenish-blue lights are for, some say they've seen on UFOs.  If I had to pack a lot of photons into a small space without heating, I'd consider the high-end of the spectrum away from infra-red.  If I crash landed on some high plateau in Chile or Peru, damaging my inverted-gravity drive to the extent that it would need to be restarted, I'd suppose that I might construct an system of mirrors necessary in the capture of the sun's photon energy.  Anthropologist claim that the ancient cave paintings of this area (Plains of Nazca) were done in places were natural sunlight could not reach, yet the cave ceilings had no significant traces of soot, indicating the absence of the use of fire for illumination.  Interesting.

The chamber's frame should be sufficiently rigid so that vibration, perhaps from subsequent cooling of liquid mirrors and lenses, cannot cause undue deflection of the six individual rays at their focus at the core.

Two sets of six rays are utilized in this apparatus, each set coplanar to respective vertical planes.  In this illustration (Fig. 7), only the six rays belonging to the first plane (S1) are shown, and the first ray belonging to the second plane (S2) and the final exit beam are shown.

The lens ring with its irregular placement of lenses is shown.  There is another ring (not shown) adjoining this ring at the top and bottom, both being suspended by a system of struts (not shown) connecting to the main frame.

Mirrors coincident to the first plane are denoted as m.

The core is the small region at the interior of rays 1 - 6 of the first plane and rays 7 - 12 of the second plane (not shown).

Mirror a deflects ray six away from the first plane to the second plane, where mirror b aligns the beam to the second plane.  (It is denoted as ray 1 of the next plane.)

Ray a-b  is level to apparatus' base.

Connecting mirror a to the main frame are four struts.  Strut 1 is fixed with a full gimbal at the mirrors back.  Strut 2 can be lengthened or shortened and only swings upward.  Strut 3 is also adjustable and can swing inward as well as upward.  Strut 4 is fully adjustable in all degrees.  Mirror b is set up the same.  All other mirrors (m) are rigidly attached to main frame.

 
 

The final luminous flux at the central core will be 12 X (3.3 x 10²²) photons per second full spectrum (inclusive of IR).  Objects placed in front of ray 1 will get hot, but of course block off light to the rest of the rays, so the additive effect of this light is restricted as a grazing effect without occultation.

There is no question, that with liquid cooled mirrors and lenses, perhaps as much as 1,000 times more power could be utilized, in which case, the weight change induced on mass objects inserted into the central core could be as much as two parts in one thousand in two years of continuous duty.  Though seemingly, still having little affect, a chamber operating at this intensity might produce plasma vertices in proximity of its core.

Good luck and be careful!

Prof. J. Emerson Webb