Galactic Field Collapse
by Joel Webb
Fringe Shift Data
Interpretation of Data
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    Having a rather sublime interest in physics, and why the Michelson-Morley Experiment of 1887 failed in discovering luminiferous ether, and as well not a great interest in building from scratch a somewhat difficult to build Scientific American interferometer from their Amateur Scientist section, I decided to purchase a store-bought unit (like this one shown) with which I might tinker.

    Purchased from Metrologic (not recommended), it was virtually impossible to get fringes (shown right), after all, everything was magnetically affixed, a stupid idea, but no more or less stupid than the flimsy unit built by Michelson in Potsdam, Germany, which one might think could only amplify the vibrations caused by nearby street traffic such as heavy trucks going by.
    At this same time, I had purchased an optical kit with an assortment of lenses and front surface mirrors, and quite a few red laser pointers;  to be used for other purposes.
    Utilizing wooden blocks mounted on interior plywood, common hardware store 8-32 machine screws, I was able to construct an operational unit within a week.
    Before knowing if I might see any fringe shift, which under SR ought not to be the case, on the evening of March 15th I took my first look.  It was a bit of a surprise, when I observed the fringes to be moving to the left for about ten minutes, and then slowly change direction, as though being some kind of fluid, and then begin to drift to right for another ten minutes.
    This behavior was clearly unacceptable under the current Standard Model, and so quite naturally my curiousity was peaked.  I am almost sure the Honourable Albert Einstein would have jumped up and down, saying this is marvelous, it fits in so perfectly with my abstract gedankens,
    I had not expected anything like this:  a real, full blown, luminiferous ether!
    Checking for the expansion and contraction coefficients for various woods, caused by changes in humidity and temperature, I could only imagine that these changes could only cause fringe movement, a behavior otherwise outlawed by modern science.
    The severest coefficient for expansion occurs across the grain, and comes to 61.4 x 10-6 change in length per degree Centigrade at room temperature.  Given that that the total round trip lap for either interferometer beam comes to 24" (each leg being 12"), one could expect a change of length of:

Change in beam length = 61.4 x 10-6 x 24 = 1.47 x 10-3 inches.
    In relationship to the light waves traveling through the interferometer, which are from a green laser pointer of wavelength 532 Nm, or, 0.00000532 meters, only about seven fringes would fit inside a linear change in wood grain of 1.47 x 10-3 inches;  hardly enough to mean anything over ten minute readings.  During these periods of measurement, I observed the ambient temperatures, and can tell you that they never came close to any change whatsoever.
    In reference to actual readings I made over the ensuing weeks, any temperature change would have insignificant affect on fringe shift.  In light of the fact that both beams would be affected nearly the same, this former statement is further re-affirmed.
    Now, I must remind everyone, that what I was seeing, I should not be able to see, for the numerous reasons, a plethora, mostly, if not all, wrong, I've presented following.
    Historically, over a century ago, the failure among scientists to observe luminiferous ether, immediately and without recourse, led to the adoption of the theory of relativity, and all that comes with it.
    In the Encyclopedia Britannica, the 1937 issue, relativity is given grand passage, as I quote:
    The progress of natural science in the first quarter of the present century was especially noteworthy through the appearance of the doctrine of relativity, and its almost immediate acceptance by the scientific world in general.  The need for some such theory had long been felt and was becoming continually more urgent.  As far back as 1887 Michelson and Morley, experimenting for quite another purpose, had obtained results which obstinately refused to fit into 19th-century conceptions of the general nature of the universe.

    . . . In 1905 a paper appeared by Albert Einstein, then Professor of theoretical physics in the University of Berne, which showed, although its implications were not at all first fully understood, that the difficulties revealed by the experiment of Michelson and Morley, as well as others which had subsequently come to light, could be removed at the expense of pouring into the melting-pot all the ideas then prevalent as to the fundamental nature and meaning of space and time.

    The encyclopedia devotes considerable attention to luminiferous ether in the exposition and support of relativity, so do I need to say more?
    Just like the Big-Bang, relativity was thrown into the hopper, without critical judgment;  incorrectly remaining in the history books without the critiquing by modern science.
    Following is another viewpoint, which I have incorporated into this discussion, partly because its author (http://www.pa.msu.edu) chose to explain the Michelson interferometer.
Michelson interferometer
The Michelson interferometer was the crucial instrument for proving the non-existence of the aether. The interferometer produced an interference pattern from light being spit into two separate paths then brought together again as shown below. The light was split in half by using a piece of glass that was coated with silver, but only enough to reflect half the light. When one of the mirrors is moved a half wavelength in distance, the interference pattern shifts by one fringe. If the velocity of light were changed, the wavelength would change proportionally. By rotating the apparatus parallel to Earth's velocity through a supposed ether, the number of wavelengths in each path would change and the interference pattern would shift.


But no such change in the pattern was seen when the apparatus was rotated, which means that if there were an aether it must have zero velocity relative to the interferometer. When Michelson and Morley repeated the experiment 6 months later when Earth's velocity would have changed substantially due to Earth's revolution about the sun, again there was no evidence of a moving ether. The interferometer had to be rotated very gingerly. To accomplish this, the whole apparatus was floated on a pool of mercury.
From our modern point of view, learned from Einstein, the result of the Michelson-Morley experiment is no surprise, because one of the two Postulates of relativity is that absolute uniform motion cannot be detected. The fact of life that makes the experiment insensitive to motion is that when the apparatus is moved (by the motion of the earth), the distance to the mirror in the direction of motion gets shorter by the Lorentz contraction factor 1/g
    On the Usenet (Newsgroups, I use http://www.usenetnewsserver.com, TCP OUT l64.38.192.0), 100 years of scientific ineptitude is leading to inane squabbling among proponents and opponents of the Einstein doctrine.  Though I don't like the squabbling going on, I present it to you in order to illustrate the profound significance of the success of my observations;  a mere 130 years long overdue!
>> On Nov 10, 11:01 am, PD <TheDraperFam...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>>> Einstein was not a mathematician.
>>
>> That's clear from David Hilbert's appraisal of Einstein's mathematical
>> incompetence.
>>
>> Hilbert once asked a gathering of mathematicians:
>>
>> "'Do you know why Einstein said the most original and profound things
>> about space and time that have been said in our generation? Because he
>> had learned nothing about all the philosophy and mathematics of time
>> and space." P. Frank, Einstein - His Life and Times, p. 206.
>>
>>
>> Hilbert was almost right. Einstein had learned nothing (period) but
>> was not original or profound.
>>
>> 'Really, this is what is meant by the Fourth Dimension, though some
>> people who talk about the Fourth Dimension do not know they mean it. It
>> is only another way of looking at Time. There is no difference between
>> Time and any of the three dimensions of Space except that our
>> consciousness  moves along with it.' -- Herbert George Wells - "The Time
>> Machine" - 1895.
>>
>
> Well, that's wrong.
>
> In SR, time is an "imaginary" axis; that is, unlike the three spatial axis
> it has units of i. Einstein developed the metric
>
> d = sqrt(x^2 + y^2 + z^2 - t^2)
>
> Which makes this explicit.
>
> So I guess both you and whatever character in the work of fiction you
> quoted are wrong.

  http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/figures/img56.gif

Amusing that you think Minkowski is Einstein.

Well, that's wrong, you stupid hero-worshipping guessing imbecile.

Amusing that x has units of i, which makes it explicit.

Well, that's wrong, you stupid hero-worshipping guessing oaf.

Amusing that y has units of i, which makes it explicit.

Well, that's wrong, you stupid hero-worshipping guessing moron.

Amusing that z has units of i, which makes it explicit.

Well, that's wrong, you stupid hero-worshipping guessing cretin.
 

This is what I wrote:
   http://www.androcles01.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/WEAM.htm

So you guessed and guess what? Your guess was wrong.
Mathematicians do not guess, they prove.

Wackypedia
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof
lists:
 

1 Direct proof
2 Proof by induction
3 Proof by transposition
4 Proof by contradiction
5 Proof by construction
6 Proof by exhaustion
7 Probabilistic proof
8 Combinatorial proof
9 Nonconstructive proof
10 Elementary proof

Not included:

11 Proof by "everybody knows" (proof by popular opinion).
12 Proof by "because I say so" (proof by assertion).
13 Proof by "it is written" (proof by appeal to authority).

Your drooling idiot opinions and the guesses and assumptions of
your drooling tin god are worthless.

J
    So much for that.  I can genuinely appreciate the unrest;  scientists have been meandering about this issue for more than a century, much of which came to roost in the 1960s with the advent of space flight and NASA, but not seriously dealt with at the time.
    For example, why did radar signals bounced off Venus by Lincoln Laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology show an inexplicable discrepancy of 50,000 miles less than those obtained by the 1960 Pioneer V Venus probe in an attempt to determine the value of an astronomical unit (AU)?
[See Scientific American, April 1961, p. 72]
    Perhaps the passing of the space probe produced field distortion, or its speed created a time dilation.
    What ever reason, the idea for me was of course to aim the Y-beam in the direction of the constellation Cygnus (the Swan - Arabic), in order to have the highest rate of fringe movement (roughly ten times more than the 1987 experiment, performed at a time when galaxies were not known to exist).
    Referring to the next illustration left, we see the orientation of our target, the direction we are heading at this high rate of speed in the Constellation is directly at the star 61 Cygni.
    In order to detect this field (or luminiferous aether if you wish) , you must be traveling through it, which you are, at the amazing rate of 150 miles per second (150 mps)!  This is the speed we are going as our Milky Way galaxy spins around, carrying our solar system, the sun and the earth with it, along with all the other stars in its spiral arms.
    In 1887, an attempt to measure the speed of the earth as it moves around the sun, known as the Michelson and Morley experiment, failed to produce any positive results.
    As I have mentioned, at the time, before the discovery of island universes (circa 1930), such as the Andromeda galaxy and our own Milky Way, researchers had no idea that we were moving so fast, and knew only to measure the far slower speed of the earth orbiting the sun:  at around 18.5 miles per second.  This, combined with several design and conceptual failures hardly helped in their efforts, such as continually keeping the interferometer in motion, necessitating researchers having to walk around a circular floor as they attempted to observe fringe shifts.
    Indeed, if otherwise they directed the aiming beam in a fixed direction east, as the earth rotated, this beam would move between being perpendicular to the earth's motion, eventually becoming tangential to the earth's motion, and then perpendicular again, they would have surely observed a continuous train of fringes passing the interface between two beams:  the reference beam fixed north and south, and the aiming beam directed east and west.
    This next illustration precisely describes our target utilizing astronomical positions.
    At noon, at Greenwich meridian 0o longitude, on the 21stday of March, the vernal equinox, when the sun is just passing northward over the equator, this particular star may be located by going east twenty one hours and four point seven minutes, denoted in star charts as 21 4.7.  This called the right ascension.  Our sun's (a star) right ascension at this moment is 0  0.0, frequently denoted as 0h 0.0m.  [The 21st day and the right ascension of 21 hours, are pure coincidences.]
    This velocity is always directed at right angles to the direction towards the center of our galaxy, just as the velocity of the earth's orbit around the sun is closely directed at a right angle to the direction our sun is to us.
    By viewing all these motions from the north, the earth's motion around the sun is  counterclockwise and the direction of the arm of the Milky Way we are in, including the general vicinity, is clockwise.  The earth's spin on axis is counterclockwise.
    Almost directly opposite the direction we are moving around our galaxy, is Sirius, the brightest star in the sky.  You may also use it as reference.
    The previous illustration shows the sky at the vernal equinox.
    The next illustration shows the earth at successive months as it orbits the sun.  Using the terminator as reference, assumed to six o'clock in the morning and night, we may determine the moment the Y-beam is pointing at 61 Cygni.
    To measure our speed in orbit, take these measurements at noon and midnight.
    I've prepared this following chart which is good for any year.  Print out a copy and use a compass to identify specific times you would like to make observations.   You may chose to use the approximate vectors shown, or make you own.
    Before printing the chart, click on it, to enlarge it full page.


 
 
 
 
 

    In May, when the observer is on the line directed towards the galactic center, and directing their aiming beam east, as I am, not only will they be aiming directly at 61 Cygni, but if they chose to make their observations at midnight, they will also be aiming exactly in the direction the earth is traveling around the sun, not to mention the direction the earth is spinning around its axis, as what I believe to be a measurable bonus, though in Hawaii at the latitude where I live and at the earth's surface, it is only a modest 0.138 mps extra.
    The next chart is for April and May.  On May 15th, the combined velocity for both the galactic velocity, the earth's orbital velocity and speed of rotation at my latitude is shown,  coming to 168.638 mps.  This can be measured at noon or midnight with the Y-beam directed due east.
    At sunrise and sunset, the fringes should not appreciably move;  the beam shooting cross current, so-to-speak.

  • Interferometer Construction, Set-up and Operation.
  • Fringe Shift Data
  • Interpretation of Data
  • Physical Constants and Formula

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    Interferometer Construction, Set-up and Operation

        This experiment is being performed at the time, date and location shown utilizing an interferometer with two equal length beams of 12", placed at right angles to each other.

     The north-south beam is a reference beam denoted as X, the other, denoted as Y, is aimed east to the horizon.  The apparatus is locked down and does not rotate;  utilizing the earth's rotation instead.  Due east is always the aiming direction.
        During March, the orbital progress of the earth and moon around the sun is in line with the Cygnus-Orion axis.
        On this axis, the apparatus will measure motion based upon two motions:  that of the sun's motion of 150 miles/sec (m/s) towards Cygnus (away from Orion) and the earth's orbit around the sun at 18.5 m/s.  During other months, this condition is not true.
        Both beams of light are projected slightly offset (normal in achieving interference fringes) with the X beam stationed to the right of the Y beam, which is rechecked at the conclusion of each run.
        A fringe count rate is determined by dividing the number of fringes observed passing a screen marker by the duration of the run.
        The moving fringes represent the change of phase between the two beams of light derived from a single green laser, not the motion of the apparatus through the field, though such phase variation is directly attributable to this motion.
        The movement of the fringes may be either in the direction of the X beam spot, or the Y beam spot, as observed, though it has not been determined as to why.
        Perhaps one of you has an explanation for this.
        As another optical curio, on a rather muggy and drizzly evening, secondary fringes were seen moving in the opposite direction to the primary fringes I normally take account, and at a much higher rate of passage.  I think that it was some sort of optical reflection, nicely magnifying the sensitivity of the apparatus.
        Keep in mind that the earth's orbit component is also maximum at noonday and at midnight, at this time of year, near the vernal equinox, and though quite small at 18.5 m/s compared to the galactic rotation component, somewhere around 150 m/s, they remain additive.
        As convention in this study, galactic spin as viewed from the galactic north pole is clockwise, and considered to be positive motion, in contrast to the earth's counterclockwise orbital and rotational spins, both considered as negative in this accord.  All poles, be they galactic, solar or earth are aligned the same, though somewhat tilted to each other.
        The earth's rotation at this site's latitude is -0.138 m/s;  contributing very little to these results.  However, earth orbital data should be included in these calculations:  (150+18.5) m/s for daytime observations and (150-18.5) m/s for nocturnal observations.  March only.
        I would presume that greater accuracy may be achieved by using 1/10 wave optics (I used only 1/4 wave throughout) and by doing vector addition of all motion components utilizing trig cosine function, which might or should include the sun's motion towards Vega, and declination and overall galactic motion of our galaxy relative to the known, observable universe.
        By doing so, an excellent and no doubt useful expression for null rest for the field might be achieved.
        For now, with the assimilation of a bit more data, a recognizable pattern should emerge showing a greater fringe rate for observations taken where the Y beam is parallel to the Orion-Cygnus axis, with a consistent correspondence between the direction of fringe travel and the apparatus' directed motion through the field.

    FRINGE SHIFT DATA
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     


     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

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