Elementary Particle Schemes

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NUCLEAR PHYSICS
ELEMENTARY PARTICLE SCHEMES
THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE HYPOTHETICAL AND THE REAL
ADVANCED FIELD THEORY FOR THE LAYMAN
by J. Emerson Webb - Professor of Ontology, U.C.L.A., 1972 - 1973

    Starting with the simple wave, a whole body of complex associations can be identified.
    Anywhere within the field, the most likely configuration to randomly form would be a spiral configuration caused by the orbiting of a simple wave. In the illustration to the right, showing the three dimensional field in two dimensions, one such wave is entering from the lower left, and has taken one complete turn around a very dense region of the field, where many surfaces are passing though. This is merely an accidental condition of the field, called an array, and in this example, a radial array.
    Arrays do not last very long, because all the surfaces are moving so quickly. Surfaces have no mass. However, at the point of non-definity, two surfaces may be indirectly equated to .032 EV.

Remember. the lines you see in many illustrations, such as the one showing a simple wave circling around a spiral array, are really surfaces where they cut through a flat plane. These planes, such as the k-plane shown, are imaginary conventions, whereas surfaces are real.

    Once having traveled around the array, a simple wave may establish a slight outward orbit, when and whereupon it may return back into the field, and continue traveling along its generally rectilinear passage, albeit zig-zagged from surface encountered to surface, being one reason that it is considered to be the same as electromagnetic quanta, particularly the photon.
    Another reason is its incessant behavior to move through the field, to be absorbed and re-emitted, as you shall see.
    A third reason is in its behavior to follow a curved path in a radial field, such as a star, which was predicted and observed last century.

SIMPLE WAVE = PHOTON

    Generally speaking, whether of macroscopic proportion, such as a photon grazing the sun, or microscopic, a photon orbiting a radial field array, both will follow an outward spiraling path. Microscopically though, if the photon's orbital period is very quick, it will be able to restore field surfaces passing through the array; keeping them centered near the array's core.
    However, despite this restorative process, the photon's orbit will continue to enlarge, until eventually it dissociates from the array.
    But however, with every surface the photon interacts, that surface will find itself displaced in the direction of the photon's travel by h/2, which slowly winds the field up, causing the radial array to become a spiral array. h has a value of 6.6 x 10-36 centimeters. [ref.]
    This process of winding continues unabated, eventually until the photon's forward progress is matched by the field noise, or, as noted, dissociation occurs.
    Under this condition, the photon no longer travels forward, but becomes a standing wave; the spiral becoming stable as a field configuration.

SPIRAL CONFIGURATION = QUARK

    This type of field configuration could well be a quark. In that there are two types of spiral configurations there should be as well two types of quarks. The first of these is an inside-shelled spiral (ISS), already shown here as most likely as a photon product, and the other is an outside-shelled spiral (OSS), thought to most likely occur as a decay product.
   Both are represented by a three dimensional looking donut, with a curved tail coming from its outside edge.
    Notice between these two illustrations, the correspondence between the tail and the spiral direction of the simple wave as it starts to circle around the radial field array, and as well, its terminal state.
    If one were to view its initial state as the photon enters the array, it has two appearances to the observer.
     If the observer was watching this process from the opposite side, a mirror image would be seen; the photon entering from the lower right and following a clock-wise passage. In accordance, our quark would also need to be shown as a mirror image. In this case, we have two distinctly different field objects; mirror images of each other.
    Hypothetically speaking, there is an unlimited number of possible photon orientations as they begin to spiral, as there would be an unlimited number of quark orientations, and an unlimited number of mirror quark pairs, such as described above.
    Typical of spiral configurations, quarks may attract and repel each other along both their polar axes and laterally along their plane of orbit (what we might call spin), or polarize each other.
    The polarization process disallows non orthogonal pairs or groups. Thus all quarks within a finite region of the field must remain in an orthogonal state relative to all other quarks. This is equally true for both OSS quarks and ISS quarks.
    Generally speaking, quarks with the same spin direction, will attract each other along the spin axis, and repel each other along the plane of spin. The spin direction of the standing wave is the original direction of the initial photon as it commences to orbit around the field radial array.
    As a consequence of this, only three orthogonal directions are allowed within a finite region of the field, where within, quarks interact. These directions may be expressed as colors, where the north poles of certain quarks are represented by primary colors and the north poles of certain other quarks are represented by secondary colors.
    For the scientist and mathematician, certain useful conventions must be drawn upon.
    Polar direction and assignment, in the study of electricity and magnetism, often falls upon the left-hand rule.
   For example, the flow of electrical current caused by negative electrons produces a magnetic field normal (orthogonal) to the plane of the winding. Its designated direction is by convention, determined by the left-hand rule, where if the fingers are set curving in the direction of the current flow, it is agreed that the thumb will be pointing in the direction of the north (N) magnetic axis.

   By convention, the left hand rule is adhered. If the index finger is pointing in the direction of the photon's orbit, then the thumb would be pointing in the direction of the north magnetic axis.

   For overall field orientation, one may chose the left-hand rectangular rigid coordinate system as used in solid analytic geometry.
   As further convention, the primary colors may corresponding to the positive directions of the left-hand system's ordinates as they extend from the origin (O).
    As further convention, these colors may correspond to the primary additive colors of broadcast television: red (R), green (G) and blue (B).
    As further convention, the secondary colors may correspond to the subtractive colors of motion picture film emulsion: cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y).
   As further convention, these secondary colors may corresponding to the negative directions of the left-hand system's ordinates as they originate from the origin.
    Depending upon a quark's orientation, it may belong to one of these six possibilities: R, G, B, C, M or Y. In statistical particle studies, these are referred to as quantum chromatic colors, binding a system of particles and anti-particles, such as electrons and positrons.
    In accordance to these rules and conventions, the following chart shows the allowed orientations of quarks allowed in our part of the universe. Notice that each pair of quarks and anti-quarks electrostatically attract, and thus are of opposite charge.
    Again, by convention, normal quarks are assigned a positive charge (+) convention and the anti-quarks are thus negative (-).

    Recognizing the tendency for quarks and anti-quarks to electrostatically attract, and because of their reverse spiral winding, they will mutually unwind each other if the come into coincidence along the plane of their spin.
    Conversely though, quarks and anti-quarks do not tend to attract if stationed along their spin axes, since their like poles face each other; they, essentially repelling magnetically.
    What we end up with is a conglomerate of quarks sorted by those not having undergone mutual unwinding, with the remaining quarks collected together by mutual electric and magnetic attraction and separated by mutual electric and magnetic repulsion.
    Suppose then a finite volumetric region once filled with nearly the same number of red and cyan quarks. It is understood that red and cyan quarks are polarized to the X-axis: their spin axes being parallel.
    All of them lying upon nearly the same plane would find themselves attracted to the opposite charged quark and undergo mutual unwinding, leaving a residual number of one kind of quark, say red quarks.
    I could have been that cyan quarks might be the last remaining quarks, but since we live in a quark region of the universe, it is better that we comprise red quarks, rather than cyan anti-quarks, and continue with them.
    All of these remaining red quarks are repelling each other; fanning out along this plane. Any cyan quarks generated in this plane by photons would be quickly unwound.
    Any red quarks generated to either side of this region, might find themselves drawn into it by the polar attraction of like quarks with their unlike poles facing, north to south.
    Once established, any plane will tend to draw into itself from either side more and more like quarks, steadily increasing their density and spreading them out, while wandering unlike quarks are unwound.
    This would be true for green and magenta quarks and blue and yellow quarks, producing a field of orthonormal and alternating layers, each populated with one kind of quark. This though, is not true if orthonormal quarks combine, producing a dion.
    Given the geometric tendency for two orthonormal simple waves to seek orthonormal coincidence, two photons in standing wave conditions will do the same, binding any quark with another.
    Consider the approach of a green quark to a red quark. Once at close range, they will fall into coincidence and be bound as a new type of particle demonstrating a behavior where the change of position of this new particle based upon the induced change of position of one quark affects the other and visa versa.
    The exact same process occurs with dual-wave neutral quarks comprising two photons in opposite rotation, but because of this rotation, any induced change of position does not occur instantaneously, but over a finite period, producing an effect noted as inertia. We will study dual-wave quarks shortly.
    In this former example concerning single wave quarks, this dion could reside in either the red layer of the field or the green layer, and find itself be spread out in either layer as the case may be, or it might find itself to be part of an unwinding process between its red component and a cyan anti-quark, leaving it intact and alone, with two other unwinding photon products coming from its red and cyan components. If released back into the field, the photons would be colorless in terms of quantum chromodynamics.
    Equally possible, its green component could unwind with a magenta anti-quark, leaving the original red quark and two colorless photons.
    These behaviors quite naturally are universal among all quarks, revealing a field of alternating orthonormal layers, making it possible that all eight dion combinations, by the virtue that all might be changing position relative to themselves, the field, and particularly the layers, might find themselves under the conditions to acquire a third quark, thus producing a trion.

   Having established a RG dion combination, it could combine with a blue quark associated to the Z-axis, yielding a RGB trion, or it might combine with a yellow anti-quark, yielding a RGY trion.
    The presence of a RGB trion is at the expense of three photons held in standing wave orbits, as is the RGY trion.
    The same would be true for a CGB trion, a CGY trion, a CMB trion, a CMY trion, a RMB trion and a RMY trion.
    For the presence all eight possible trion combinations, 24 photons would be in stable standing wave orbit, and no longer moving rectilinearly through the field.

    In the absence of any other field objects, all charged trions are inherently stable.
    The CMY trion (1) is in a sense an anti-trion; consisting wholly of anti-quarks. It can be completely drawn into coincidence with the CGB (2) trion along its X polar axis, and undergo a dissociation process (d).
    A neutral duel wave quark is not stable and will eventually decay into two photons.
Three neutral duel wave quarks, if all are ISSs, would be equivalent to a neutron with mass. The neutron would carry only two of the three quantum chromatic colors of its parent quarks.
    Likewise, the green and magenta quarks will unwind each other and enter into the dissociative process (d).
    Since there is yet no identifiable mechanism driving two cyan quarks in coincidence apart, nor causing appreciable change in the characteristics of either, this cyan double quark is designated C₁₊₁, indicating that it consists of two photons as standing waves in orbit.
    This complete decay process [1-2] may be written:

[1-2]   CMY + CGB = C₁₊₁ + 2d,   where R, G, B, C, M and Y equal charged quarks, and where d represents a dissociation process. Imbedded on both sides of the equation are six photons.
    The total scalar charge for any trion is unity (e), divided by three for each quark. The charge for cyan quarks would be -1/3e, for magenta quarks -1/3e, -1/3e for yellow quarks, +1/3e for green quarks and +1/3e for blue quarks.
    Thus the total charge on the left-hand side of the equation is -2/3e. On the right-hand side, the charge balance for C₂ is -2/3e.

    Another decay scheme [1-5] involves the RGB (5) trion that has no anti-quarks with with a trion with two anti-quarks, with the normal quarks (G) of both trions being the same.
    We know that both trions will be drawn into coincidence by the polar attraction of their respective green quarks along the Y-axes, forcing the standing waves of the R and C quarks to unwind, initiating the dissociation process.   The blue and yellow quarks along the Z-axis will do the same, entering into the dissociation process.
    This scheme may be expressed as:

[1-5] RGB + CGY = G₁₊₁ + 2d.
Charge balance in terms of e is: +1/3+1/3+1/3-1/3+1/3-1/3 = +2/3+|4/3|.
The scalar balance of 4/3 is the virtual charge possible if the four photons generate new quarks, which is a matter of chance.

Following is the a list of remaining interactions:

[1-3]    CMY + RGY = Y₁₊₁ + 2d Polar attraction by the yellow anti-quarks cause CR and MG to unwind and enter the d process.
[1-4]    CMY + RMB = M₁₊₁ + 2d
[1-6]    CMY + RMY = M₁₊₁ +Y₁₊₁+ d
[1-7]    CMY + CMB = C₁₊₁ +M₁₊₁+ d
[1-8]    CMY + CGY = C₁₊₁ +Y₁₊₁+ d
[2-3]    CGB + RGY = G₁₊₁ + 2d
[2-4]    CGB + RMB = B₁₊₁ + 2d
[2-5]    CGB + RGB = G₁₊₁ + B₁₊₁ + d
[2-6]    CGB + RMY = NO POLAR ATTRACTION
[2-7]    CGB + CMB = C₁₊₁ + B₁₊₁ + d
[2-8]    CGB + CGY = C₁₊₁ +G₁₊₁ + d
[3-4]    RGY + RMB = R₁₊₁ + 2d
[3-5]    RGY + RGB = R₁₊₁ + G₁₊₁ + d
[3-6]    RGY + RMY = R₁₊₁ + Y₁₊₁+ d
[3-7]    RGY + CMB = NO POLAR ATTRACTION
[3-8]    RGY + CGY = G₁₊₁ + Y₁₊₁ + d
[4-5]    RMB + RGB = R₁₊₁ + B₁₊₁ + d
[4-6]    RMB + RGY = R₁₊₁ + 2X
[4-7]    RMB + CMB = M₁₊₁ + B₁₊₁ + d
[4-8]    RMB + CGY = NO POLAR ATTRACTION
[5-6]    RGB + RGY = R₁₊₁ + G₁₊₁ + d
[5-7]    RGB + CMB = B₁₊₁ + 2d
[5-8]    RGB + CGY = G₁₊₁ + 2d
[6-7]    RMY + CMB = M₁₊₁ + 2d
[6-8]    RMY + CGY = Y₁₊₁ + 2d
[7-8]    CMB + CGY = C₁₊₁ + 2d